free deposit pokies: play top online slots with no deposit required

In the world of online entertainment, free deposit pokies have emerged as a popular option for players looking to enjoy top online slots without the need for a deposit. This article delves into the concept of free deposit pokies, highlighting their benefits, popular games, and how to get started. What Are Free Deposit Pokies? Free deposit pokies, also known as no deposit pokies, are online slot games that allow players to enjoy the thrill of spinning the reels without making a deposit. These games are typically offered by online casinos as a way to attract new players and provide them with a risk-free gaming experience.

  • Cash King Palace
    new
    Royal Wins100% / $1500
    Casino popularity:
    Collecting more data...
    Payment methods
    • Mifinity
    • Google Pay
    • PIX
    • EcoPayz
    • Neteller
    • Apple Pay
    • Visa
    • Sofort
    • Interac
    • Wagering: 35 x (b)
    • Withdrawal time: 1 days
    • Minimum deposit to casino: $30
    • Bonus max bet: $5
    • Established: 2024
    • Free Spins: 200
    • 1st Deposit Bonus:100% / $1500 + 200 Free Spins
    • Bonus code: FRUIT22nd Deposit Bonus:100% / $1500 + 75 Free Spins
    • Bonus code: FRUIT33rd Deposit Bonus:75% / $3000 + 75 Free Spins
    • Bonus code: FRUIT44th Deposit Bonus:50% / $4500 + 200 Free Spins
    • Leading selection of slots
    • VISA casino site
    • HD streaming casino games
    • Newly unveiled casino
    • Signup offer now available
    • Mr. Gamble special bonuses
    Show more
  • Lucky Ace Palace
    Luck&Luxury100% / $1500
    Casino popularity:
    Collecting more data...
    Payment methods
    • Mifinity
    • Google Pay
    • PIX
    • EcoPayz
    • Neteller
    • Apple Pay
    • Visa
    • Sofort
    • Interac
    • Wagering: 35 x (b)
    • Withdrawal time: 1 days
    • Minimum deposit to casino: $30
    • Bonus max bet: $5
    • Established: 2024
    • Free Spins: 200
    • 1st Deposit Bonus:100% / $1500 + 200 Free Spins
    • Bonus code: FRUIT22nd Deposit Bonus:100% / $1500 + 75 Free Spins
    • Bonus code: FRUIT33rd Deposit Bonus:75% / $3000 + 75 Free Spins
    • Bonus code: FRUIT44th Deposit Bonus:50% / $4500 + 200 Free Spins
    • Leading selection of slots
    • VISA casino site
    • HD streaming casino games
    • Newly unveiled casino
    • Signup offer now available
    • Mr. Gamble special bonuses
    Show more
  • Starlight Betting Lounge
    Celestial Bet100% / $1500
    Casino popularity:
    Collecting more data...
    Payment methods
    • Mifinity
    • Google Pay
    • PIX
    • EcoPayz
    • Neteller
    • Apple Pay
    • Visa
    • Sofort
    • Interac
    • Wagering: 35 x (b)
    • Withdrawal time: 1 days
    • Minimum deposit to casino: $30
    • Bonus max bet: $5
    • Established: 2024
    • Free Spins: 200
    • 1st Deposit Bonus:100% / $1500 + 200 Free Spins
    • Bonus code: FRUIT22nd Deposit Bonus:100% / $1500 + 75 Free Spins
    • Bonus code: FRUIT33rd Deposit Bonus:75% / $3000 + 75 Free Spins
    • Bonus code: FRUIT44th Deposit Bonus:50% / $4500 + 200 Free Spins
    • Leading selection of slots
    • VISA casino site
    • HD streaming casino games
    • Newly unveiled casino
    • Signup offer now available
    • Mr. Gamble special bonuses
    Show more
  • Spin Palace Casino
    Win Big Now100% / $1500
    Casino popularity:
    Collecting more data...
    Payment methods
    • Mifinity
    • Google Pay
    • PIX
    • EcoPayz
    • Neteller
    • Apple Pay
    • Visa
    • Sofort
    • Interac
    • Wagering: 35 x (b)
    • Withdrawal time: 1 days
    • Minimum deposit to casino: $30
    • Bonus max bet: $5
    • Established: 2024
    • Free Spins: 200
    • 1st Deposit Bonus:100% / $1500 + 200 Free Spins
    • Bonus code: FRUIT22nd Deposit Bonus:100% / $1500 + 75 Free Spins
    • Bonus code: FRUIT33rd Deposit Bonus:75% / $3000 + 75 Free Spins
    • Bonus code: FRUIT44th Deposit Bonus:50% / $4500 + 200 Free Spins
    • Leading selection of slots
    • VISA casino site
    • HD streaming casino games
    • Newly unveiled casino
    • Signup offer now available
    • Mr. Gamble special bonuses
    Show more
  • Silver Fox Slots
    Elegance+Fun100% / $1500
    Casino popularity:
    Collecting more data...
    Payment methods
    • Mifinity
    • Google Pay
    • PIX
    • EcoPayz
    • Neteller
    • Apple Pay
    • Visa
    • Sofort
    • Interac
    • Wagering: 35 x (b)
    • Withdrawal time: 1 days
    • Minimum deposit to casino: $30
    • Bonus max bet: $5
    • Established: 2024
    • Free Spins: 200
    • 1st Deposit Bonus:100% / $1500 + 200 Free Spins
    • Bonus code: FRUIT22nd Deposit Bonus:100% / $1500 + 75 Free Spins
    • Bonus code: FRUIT33rd Deposit Bonus:75% / $3000 + 75 Free Spins
    • Bonus code: FRUIT44th Deposit Bonus:50% / $4500 + 200 Free Spins
    • Leading selection of slots
    • VISA casino site
    • HD streaming casino games
    • Newly unveiled casino
    • Signup offer now available
    • Mr. Gamble special bonuses
    Show more
  • Golden Spin Casino
    Luxury Play100% / $1500
    Casino popularity:
    Collecting more data...
    Payment methods
    • Mifinity
    • Google Pay
    • PIX
    • EcoPayz
    • Neteller
    • Apple Pay
    • Visa
    • Sofort
    • Interac
    • Wagering: 35 x (b)
    • Withdrawal time: 1 days
    • Minimum deposit to casino: $30
    • Bonus max bet: $5
    • Established: 2024
    • Free Spins: 200
    • 1st Deposit Bonus:100% / $1500 + 200 Free Spins
    • Bonus code: FRUIT22nd Deposit Bonus:100% / $1500 + 75 Free Spins
    • Bonus code: FRUIT33rd Deposit Bonus:75% / $3000 + 75 Free Spins
    • Bonus code: FRUIT44th Deposit Bonus:50% / $4500 + 200 Free Spins
    • Leading selection of slots
    • VISA casino site
    • HD streaming casino games
    • Newly unveiled casino
    • Signup offer now available
    • Mr. Gamble special bonuses
    Show more
  • Royal Fortune Gaming
    Opulence & Thrills100% / $1500
    Casino popularity:
    Collecting more data...
    Payment methods
    • Mifinity
    • Google Pay
    • PIX
    • EcoPayz
    • Neteller
    • Apple Pay
    • Visa
    • Sofort
    • Interac
    • Wagering: 35 x (b)
    • Withdrawal time: 1 days
    • Minimum deposit to casino: $30
    • Bonus max bet: $5
    • Established: 2024
    • Free Spins: 200
    • 1st Deposit Bonus:100% / $1500 + 200 Free Spins
    • Bonus code: FRUIT22nd Deposit Bonus:100% / $1500 + 75 Free Spins
    • Bonus code: FRUIT33rd Deposit Bonus:75% / $3000 + 75 Free Spins
    • Bonus code: FRUIT44th Deposit Bonus:50% / $4500 + 200 Free Spins
    • Leading selection of slots
    • VISA casino site
    • HD streaming casino games
    • Newly unveiled casino
    • Signup offer now available
    • Mr. Gamble special bonuses
    Show more
  • Lucky Ace Casino
    Luck&Luxury100% / $1500
    Casino popularity:
    Collecting more data...
    Payment methods
    • Mifinity
    • Google Pay
    • PIX
    • EcoPayz
    • Neteller
    • Apple Pay
    • Visa
    • Sofort
    • Interac
    • Wagering: 35 x (b)
    • Withdrawal time: 1 days
    • Minimum deposit to casino: $30
    • Bonus max bet: $5
    • Established: 2024
    • Free Spins: 200
    • 1st Deposit Bonus:100% / $1500 + 200 Free Spins
    • Bonus code: FRUIT22nd Deposit Bonus:100% / $1500 + 75 Free Spins
    • Bonus code: FRUIT33rd Deposit Bonus:75% / $3000 + 75 Free Spins
    • Bonus code: FRUIT44th Deposit Bonus:50% / $4500 + 200 Free Spins
    • Leading selection of slots
    • VISA casino site
    • HD streaming casino games
    • Newly unveiled casino
    • Signup offer now available
    • Mr. Gamble special bonuses
    Show more
  • Diamond Crown Casino
    Opulence & Fun100% / $1500
    Casino popularity:
    Collecting more data...
    Payment methods
    • Mifinity
    • Google Pay
    • PIX
    • EcoPayz
    • Neteller
    • Apple Pay
    • Visa
    • Sofort
    • Interac
    • Wagering: 35 x (b)
    • Withdrawal time: 1 days
    • Minimum deposit to casino: $30
    • Bonus max bet: $5
    • Established: 2024
    • Free Spins: 200
    • 1st Deposit Bonus:100% / $1500 + 200 Free Spins
    • Bonus code: FRUIT22nd Deposit Bonus:100% / $1500 + 75 Free Spins
    • Bonus code: FRUIT33rd Deposit Bonus:75% / $3000 + 75 Free Spins
    • Bonus code: FRUIT44th Deposit Bonus:50% / $4500 + 200 Free Spins
    • Leading selection of slots
    • VISA casino site
    • HD streaming casino games
    • Newly unveiled casino
    • Signup offer now available
    • Mr. Gamble special bonuses
    Show more
  • Victory Slots Resort
    Spin to Win100% / $1500
    Casino popularity:
    Collecting more data...
    Payment methods
    • Mifinity
    • Google Pay
    • PIX
    • EcoPayz
    • Neteller
    • Apple Pay
    • Visa
    • Sofort
    • Interac
    • Wagering: 35 x (b)
    • Withdrawal time: 1 days
    • Minimum deposit to casino: $30
    • Bonus max bet: $5
    • Established: 2024
    • Free Spins: 200
    • 1st Deposit Bonus:100% / $1500 + 200 Free Spins
    • Bonus code: FRUIT22nd Deposit Bonus:100% / $1500 + 75 Free Spins
    • Bonus code: FRUIT33rd Deposit Bonus:75% / $3000 + 75 Free Spins
    • Bonus code: FRUIT44th Deposit Bonus:50% / $4500 + 200 Free Spins
    • Leading selection of slots
    • VISA casino site
    • HD streaming casino games
    • Newly unveiled casino
    • Signup offer now available
    • Mr. Gamble special bonuses
    Show more

free deposit pokies: play top online slots with no deposit required

In the world of online entertainment, free deposit pokies have emerged as a popular option for players looking to enjoy top online slots without the need for a deposit. This article delves into the concept of free deposit pokies, highlighting their benefits, popular games, and how to get started.

What Are Free Deposit Pokies?

Free deposit pokies, also known as no deposit pokies, are online slot games that allow players to enjoy the thrill of spinning the reels without making a deposit. These games are typically offered by online casinos as a way to attract new players and provide them with a risk-free gaming experience.

Key Features of Free Deposit Pokies

  • No Financial Risk: Players can enjoy the games without risking their own money.
  • Wide Variety: A vast selection of slot games, including classic slots, video slots, and progressive jackpot slots.
  • Bonuses and Rewards: Some platforms offer bonuses and rewards even without a deposit, enhancing the gaming experience.
  • Practice Mode: Ideal for beginners to practice and improve their skills before playing with real money.

Several online slots have gained popularity among players who enjoy free deposit pokies. Here are some top picks:

  1. Starburst: Known for its vibrant graphics and simple gameplay, Starburst is a favorite among both new and experienced players.
  2. Gonzo’s Quest: This adventure-themed slot offers exciting features like the Avalanche Reels and Free Fall symbols.
  3. Book of Dead: Inspired by ancient Egypt, this slot game features Rich Wilde on a quest for treasure.
  4. Mega Moolah: A progressive jackpot slot that has made many players instant millionaires.
  5. Bonanza: With its cascading reels and unique theme, Bonanza offers a thrilling gaming experience.

How to Get Started with Free Deposit Pokies

Getting started with free deposit pokies is straightforward. Here’s a step-by-step guide:

  1. Choose a Reputable Online Casino: Look for a casino that offers a wide range of free deposit pokies and has a good reputation.
  2. Create an Account: Sign up for an account on the chosen platform. This usually involves providing basic information and verifying your identity.
  3. Claim the No Deposit Bonus: Some casinos offer no deposit bonuses, which you can claim upon registration.
  4. Browse the Game Library: Explore the casino’s game library to find free deposit pokies that interest you.
  5. Start Playing: Select a game and start playing without making a deposit. Enjoy the thrill of the slots and potentially win real money.

Benefits of Playing Free Deposit Pokies

  • Risk-Free Entertainment: Enjoy the excitement of online slots without any financial risk.
  • Practice and Skill Development: Use free deposit pokies to hone your skills and develop strategies.
  • Discover New Games: Experiment with different slot games to find your favorites.
  • No Commitment: Play as much or as little as you want without any commitment to deposit funds.

Free deposit pokies offer a fantastic opportunity for players to enjoy top online slots without the need for a deposit. With a wide variety of games, no financial risk, and the potential for bonuses and rewards, these games provide a thrilling and accessible gaming experience. Whether you’re a beginner or an experienced player, free deposit pokies are a great way to enjoy the excitement of online slots.

free online pokies no deposit free spins

In the world of online entertainment, free online pokies with no deposit free spins have become a popular attraction for both casual gamers and seasoned players. These offers provide an excellent opportunity to enjoy the thrill of slot machines without risking any of your own money. In this article, we’ll explore what free online pokies are, how no deposit free spins work, and where you can find these exciting offers.

What Are Free Online Pokies?

Free online pokies, also known as free slots, are digital versions of traditional slot machines that can be played without any financial commitment. These games are typically available on online casinos and gaming websites, offering players the chance to experience the excitement of spinning the reels without spending a dime.

Key Features of Free Online Pokies

  • No Deposit Required: You don’t need to make a deposit to play.
  • Wide Variety: A vast selection of themes, styles, and features to choose from.
  • Instant Play: No downloads required; play directly in your browser.
  • Practice Mode: Ideal for learning the rules and strategies before playing for real money.

No Deposit Free Spins Explained

No deposit free spins are a type of bonus offered by online casinos to attract new players. These spins allow you to play specific slot games without making a deposit. Any winnings from these spins are usually subject to wagering requirements, which means you’ll need to play through the winnings a certain number of times before you can withdraw them.

How No Deposit Free Spins Work

  1. Sign Up: Create an account at a participating online casino.
  2. Claim the Bonus: Opt-in to receive the no deposit free spins.
  3. Play the Slots: Use the free spins on designated slot games.
  4. Meet Wagering Requirements: Fulfill the playthrough conditions to convert your winnings into real money.

Benefits of No Deposit Free Spins

  • Risk-Free Gaming: Enjoy the thrill of slots without financial risk.
  • Try New Games: Experience new slot games without committing any money.
  • Win Real Money: With luck, you can turn your free spins into real cash.

Where to Find No Deposit Free Spins

Numerous online casinos offer no deposit free spins as part of their welcome packages or ongoing promotions. Here are some reliable sources to find these offers:

Top Online Casinos Offering No Deposit Free Spins

  • Casino A: Known for its generous welcome bonus and a wide range of slot games.
  • Casino B: Offers regular promotions and a user-friendly interface.
  • Casino C: Specializes in themed slots and provides frequent no deposit free spins.

Tips for Finding the Best Offers

  • Check Reviews: Read reviews and player feedback to ensure the casino is reputable.
  • Compare Offers: Look for casinos with the most favorable wagering requirements.
  • Stay Updated: Follow casino newsletters and social media for the latest promotions.

Free online pokies with no deposit free spins provide an excellent way to enjoy the excitement of slot machines without any financial risk. By understanding how these bonuses work and knowing where to find the best offers, you can maximize your gaming experience and potentially win real money. Whether you’re a casual player or a seasoned gambler, no deposit free spins are a fantastic opportunity to explore new games and have fun online.

best online pokies in australia: real money, free spins, no deposit required

Australia is home to a vibrant online gambling scene, with online pokies being one of the most popular forms of entertainment. Whether you’re looking to play for real money, enjoy free spins, or take advantage of no deposit bonuses, there are plenty of options available. Here’s a comprehensive guide to the best online pokies in Australia.

Real Money Pokies

Playing pokies for real money offers the thrill of potentially winning big. Here are some of the top real money pokies sites in Australia:

  • Jackpot City: Known for its extensive collection of pokies, Jackpot City offers a wide range of themes and jackpot options.
  • Spin Palace: This site is renowned for its high payout rates and a diverse selection of pokies, including progressive jackpots.
  • Royal Vegas: Offering a user-friendly interface and a variety of pokies, Royal Vegas is a favorite among Australian players.

Free Spins Pokies

Free spins are a great way to enjoy pokies without risking your own money. Many online casinos offer free spins as part of their welcome bonuses or ongoing promotions.

  • Lucky Nugget: Offers generous free spins as part of its welcome bonus package.
  • Gaming Club: Provides regular free spins promotions for both new and existing players.
  • Ruby Fortune: Known for its frequent free spins offers, Ruby Fortune is a top choice for players looking to spin for free.

No Deposit Pokies

No deposit bonuses allow you to play pokies without making a deposit. These bonuses are typically smaller but provide a risk-free way to try out new games.

Top No Deposit Pokies Sites

  • Casino Mate: Offers a no deposit bonus that includes free spins on selected pokies.
  • All Slots Casino: Provides a small no deposit bonus to new players, allowing them to explore the site’s pokies collection.
  • Platinum Play: Known for its no deposit bonus, Platinum Play lets players enjoy pokies without any initial financial commitment.

Tips for Choosing the Best Online Pokies

When selecting the best online pokies, consider the following factors:

  • Game Variety: Look for sites that offer a wide range of pokies with different themes and features.
  • Payout Rates: Higher payout rates increase your chances of winning. Check the RTP (Return to Player) percentage.
  • Bonuses and Promotions: Sites with generous bonuses, including free spins and no deposit offers, can enhance your gaming experience.
  • User Interface: A user-friendly interface makes for a more enjoyable gaming experience.

Whether you prefer playing pokies for real money, enjoying free spins, or taking advantage of no deposit bonuses, Australia offers a plethora of options. By choosing the right site and considering the factors mentioned above, you can enhance your online pokies experience and potentially win big.

best online slots for real money: no deposit bonus in australia

Online slots have become a popular form of entertainment in Australia, offering players the chance to win real money without the need for a deposit. With a plethora of options available, it can be challenging to determine which online slots are the best. This article will guide you through the top online slots for real money with no deposit bonuses in Australia.

What is a No Deposit Bonus?

A no deposit bonus is a promotional offer provided by online casinos to attract new players. Unlike traditional bonuses that require a deposit, no deposit bonuses allow players to try out games without risking their own money. These bonuses can come in various forms, such as free spins or a small amount of cash.

Types of No Deposit Bonuses

  • Free Spins: Players receive a set number of free spins on selected slot machines.
  • Cash Bonus: A small amount of money is credited to the player’s account, which can be used to play various games.
  • Free Play: A limited time offer where players can play any game with a set amount of virtual money.

Top Online Slots with No Deposit Bonuses in Australia

1. Rich Casino

  • No Deposit Bonus: 25 Free Spins on “Wolf Treasure”
  • Popular Slots: Wolf Treasure, Queen of the Nile, Big Ben
  • Why Choose Rich Casino: Rich Casino offers a variety of slot games with high RTP (Return to Player) percentages, ensuring better chances of winning.

2. Fair Go Casino

  • No Deposit Bonus: $10 Free Chip
  • Popular Slots: Achilles, Bubble Bubble, Cash Bandits
  • Why Choose Fair Go Casino: Known for its user-friendly interface and a wide range of slot games, Fair Go Casino is a favorite among Australian players.

3. Uptown Pokies

  • No Deposit Bonus: 50 Free Spins on “Lucky 6”
  • Popular Slots: Lucha Libre, Asgard, Count Spectacular
  • Why Choose Uptown Pokies: Uptown Pokies offers a diverse selection of slots, including progressive jackpot games, providing players with the chance to win big.

4. Red Stag Casino

  • No Deposit Bonus: $7 Free Chip
  • Popular Slots: Cool Bananas, Fat Cat, Dolphin Reef
  • Why Choose Red Stag Casino: Red Stag Casino is known for its generous bonuses and promotions, making it an attractive option for slot enthusiasts.

5. Planet 7 Oz

  • No Deposit Bonus: 25 Free Spins on “Cash Bandits 2”
  • Popular Slots: Cash Bandits 2, Enchanted Garden, Cleopatra’s Gold
  • Why Choose Planet 7 Oz: With a focus on security and fair play, Planet 7 Oz ensures a safe and enjoyable gaming experience for all players.

How to Claim a No Deposit Bonus

  1. Sign Up: Create an account with the chosen online casino.
  2. Enter Promo Code: If required, enter the promo code provided for the no deposit bonus.
  3. Claim Bonus: Navigate to the bonus section and claim your no deposit bonus.
  4. Start Playing: Use your free spins or cash bonus to play your favorite slot games.

Tips for Playing Online Slots with No Deposit Bonuses

  • Read Terms and Conditions: Always review the terms and conditions of the no deposit bonus to understand the wagering requirements and game restrictions.
  • Set a Budget: Even though you’re not using your own money, it’s wise to set a budget for your gaming session.
  • Choose High RTP Slots: Opt for slots with high RTP percentages to increase your chances of winning.
  • Take Advantage of Promotions: Keep an eye out for ongoing promotions and bonuses to maximize your gaming experience.

No deposit bonuses offer Australian players a fantastic opportunity to enjoy online slots for real money without any financial risk. By choosing one of the top online casinos mentioned above, you can take advantage of these bonuses and potentially win big. Remember to always gamble responsibly and have fun!

Frequently Questions

What are the best free online pokies available with no deposit required?

Discover the best free online pokies with no deposit required at top-rated casinos. Popular titles include Starburst, Gonzo's Quest, and Book of Dead, offering thrilling gameplay and high RTP. These free pokies allow you to enjoy the excitement of slots without risking any money. Look for casinos that offer free spins or bonus credits to play these games. Remember to check the terms and conditions for any wagering requirements. Start your gaming adventure today with these free, no-deposit pokies and experience the fun of online slots risk-free.

What are the best free play slots options with no deposit required?

Discover the best free play slots with no deposit required at reputable online casinos. Popular options include games like Starburst, Gonzo's Quest, and Book of Dead, which offer thrilling gameplay and high-quality graphics. These casinos often provide free spins or bonus rounds to enhance your experience without any financial commitment. Look for platforms that are licensed and regulated to ensure fairness and security. Engaging in these free play slots not only allows you to enjoy the excitement of casino games but also helps you learn the rules and strategies risk-free. Start your gaming adventure today with these top-rated, no-deposit slot options.

 

What are the best free online slots with no deposit in New Zealand?

In New Zealand, several online casinos offer free slots with no deposit required. Popular options include LeoVegas, which provides a variety of slot games without the need for an initial deposit. Another top choice is Guts Casino, known for its extensive collection of free-to-play slots. SkyCity Online Casino also offers a selection of no-deposit slots, perfect for new players looking to explore without financial risk. These platforms ensure a safe and enjoyable gaming experience, making them ideal for Kiwis seeking free slot entertainment.

What are the top no deposit online pokies with free spins and bonuses available in 2023?

In 2023, several online casinos offer top no deposit pokies with free spins and bonuses. Popular choices include Rich Palms Casino, which provides 25 free spins on the 'Cash Bandits 3' slot without a deposit. Another excellent option is Red Dog Casino, offering 25 free spins on 'Popiñata' upon registration. For those seeking more variety, Slots Empire Casino offers 25 free spins on 'Asgard Deluxe' without any deposit required. These no deposit bonuses allow players to enjoy pokies risk-free, enhancing their gaming experience. Always check the terms and conditions for wagering requirements and validity periods.

What are the best online slots offering real money with no deposit required?

Discover the best online slots offering real money with no deposit required. Popular choices include 888 Casino, which offers a $20 no deposit bonus, and Betfair Casino, providing a $30 free play bonus. LeoVegas Casino also stands out with its $10 no deposit bonus. These platforms feature a variety of slot games, ensuring a thrilling experience without any initial deposit. Always check the terms and conditions for wagering requirements and validity periods. Enjoy the excitement of real money slots with these top no deposit offers.